Pigment Disorders
Vitiligo
WHAT IS IT
Loss of skin color in patches
HOW COMMON
Common; affects about 1% of people
CONTAGIOUS?
No — you cannot catch it or spread it
CURABLE?
Not curable, but treatable; color can return
What Is It?
Vitiligo is a condition where the skin loses its pigment in patches, creating well-defined white or very light areas. It can appear anywhere but often affects the hands, face, and areas around body openings. It is not painful or dangerous, but it can be distressing, and treatments can help restore color in many cases.
Signs & Symptoms
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Well-defined white or light patches of skin
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Often on hands, face, and around eyes, mouth, or groin
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Patches may be symmetric on both sides of the body
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Sometimes white or grey patches of hair
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Patches can be more obvious after sun exposure
Why Does It Happen?
Vitiligo happens when the pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) are lost or stop working, largely due to an autoimmune process where the body's immune system targets these cells. It can run in families and is sometimes associated with thyroid and other autoimmune conditions. It is NOT contagious and NOT caused by anything you did.
Treatment Options
Treatment aims to restore color and even skin tone, and works best when started early. Options range from creams to light therapy and newer targeted treatments.
TOPICAL TREATMENTS
Steroids or calcineurin inhibitors to help repigment patches.
JAK-INHIBITOR CREAM
A newer targeted cream (ruxolitinib) that can restore color.
PHOTOTHERAPY
Narrowband UVB light therapy for more widespread vitiligo.
SUN PROTECTION & CAMOUFLAGE
Sunscreen protects pale skin; cosmetics can even the look.
Tips for Managing It at Home
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Use daily sunscreen — pale patches burn easily and contrast increases with tanning
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Ask about treatment early, when repigmentation is more likely
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Consider cosmetic camouflage or self-tanner if desired
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Ask about thyroid checks, as related conditions can occur
When to Call Your Provider
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New or spreading patches you'd like evaluated
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Symptoms of thyroid or other autoimmune issues
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Emotional distress from the condition
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Interest in starting or adjusting treatment
Sources & further reading
The information in this handout is based on general dermatology guidance from the reputable organizations below. These links are provided for patients who wish to read more from trusted sources.
American Academy of Dermatology (AAD). Vitiligo: Overview. https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/vitiligo-overview
Canadian Dermatology Association (CDA). Vitiligo. https://dermatology.ca/public-patients/diseases-conditions/skin-conditions/vitiligo/
DermNet. Vitiligo. https://dermnetnz.org/topics/vitiligo
MSD/Merck Manual. Vitiligo. https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/pigmentation-disorders/vitiligo
This handout is for general education and does not replace advice from your own provider. Always follow your provider’s specific instructions.
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